Rendering patterns.

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251 patterns

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• Advance a Timed Animation on Amiga

  A held pose and a running animation need different clocks.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Advance a Timed Animation on C64

  A held pose and a running animation need different clocks.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Advance a Timed Animation on NES

  A held pose and a running animation need different clocks.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Advance a Timed Animation on Spectrum

  A held pose and a running animation need different clocks.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Advance an Animation Timeline in BBC Micro BASIC

  Return a frame index with configurable duration, looping and one-shot completion.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Advance an Animation Timeline in C64 BASIC

  Return a frame index with configurable duration, looping and one-shot completion.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Advance an Animation Timeline in Spectrum BASIC

  Return a frame index with configurable duration, looping and one-shot completion.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Ask Your Level What Is There

  Store a level as tiles, query positions safely and keep gameplay properties separate from artwork. Reusable implementations span all 30 currently emulated systems, with their memory and display differences kept explicit.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · beginnerShared technique

• Attribute Clash

  The Spectrum stores one ink-and-paper colour per 8×8 cell, so pixels and colour live on different grids — the source of colour clash. Understanding it, and the design craft that turns the constraint into the platform's look.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Attribute Writing

  Write colours directly to attribute memory for fast, flicker-free graphics without touching pixel data.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerAssembly

• Bitmap Addressing

  Turn an (x, y) pixel into a Spectrum screen address — where consecutive lines are nowhere near each other in memory. The interleaved layout that every Spectrum drawing routine has to reckon with.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Blink on a Clock

  PRESS START winks on a 32-frame beat read straight off a frame counter — one AND instruction selects draw or clear. A blink is two renderers taking turns on a clock you already had.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · beginnerShared technique

• Blitter Copy

  Copy an aligned tile plane with reusable Amiga code, with DMA ownership, pitches and completion made explicit.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Blitter Line Draw

  The blitter isn't only a copier — in line mode it plots a Bresenham line in hardware, one pixel at a time, straight into a bitplane. Feed it endpoints and an octant; it draws the line while the CPU moves on.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · advancedAssembly

• Build an OAM Page and Share Sprite Dropout

  Pack active NES objects into a complete OAM page, hide unused slots and rotate priorities when a row exceeds the hardware limit. Includes a running cartridge.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Centre Text on a Character Screen

  Measure a terminated string, divide the unused columns in half, and print it without hard-coded coordinates. Includes a compact 6502 implementation.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · beginnerShared technique

• Change Shared Character Pictures on Atari 800XL

  Install a picture, share it across cells, then change every instance or just one. Reusable Atari 800XL routines with explicit character, colour and memory rules.

  Atari 8-bitRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Character Pictures on C64

  Reusable install, replace and select routines for C64, with real code, native output and explicit video ownership.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Character Pictures on Game Gear

  Reusable install, replace and select routines for Game Gear, with real code, native output and explicit video ownership.

  Sega Game GearRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Character Pictures on Jupiter Ace

  Install a picture, share it across cells, then change every instance or just one. Reusable Jupiter Ace routines with explicit character, colour and memory rules.

  Jupiter AceRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Character Pictures on Master System

  Reusable install, replace and select routines for Master System, with real code, native output and explicit video ownership.

  Sega Master SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Character Pictures on NES CHR-RAM

  Reusable install, replace and select routines for NES CHR-RAM, with real code, native output and explicit video ownership.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Character Pictures on Oric Atmos

  Install a picture, share it across cells, then change every instance or just one. Reusable Oric Atmos routines with explicit character, colour and memory rules.

  Oric AtmosRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Characters on ColecoVision

  Install a picture, use it in many cells, then replace the picture or change one instance. Reusable Z80 routines for ColecoVision Graphics I.

  ColecoVisionRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Characters on Memotech MTX

  Install a picture, use it in many cells, then replace the picture or change one instance. Reusable Z80 routines for Memotech MTX Graphics I.

  Memotech MTXRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Characters on SG-1000

  Install a picture, use it in many cells, then replace the picture or change one instance. Reusable Z80 routines for SG-1000 Graphics I.

  Sega SG-1000Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Characters on Sord M5

  Install a picture, use it in many cells, then replace the picture or change one instance. Reusable Z80 routines for Sord M5 Graphics I.

  Sord M5Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Characters on SVI-328

  Install a picture, use it in many cells, then replace the picture or change one instance. Reusable Z80 routines for SVI-328 Graphics I.

  Spectravideo SVI-328Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Change Shared Characters on Tatung Einstein

  Install a picture, use it in many cells, then replace the picture or change one instance. Reusable Z80 routines for Tatung Einstein Graphics I.

  Tatung EinsteinRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Character Printing

  Print ASCII characters to the screen using the ROM character set. Direct display file access for fast text rendering.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerAssembly

• Checked Map Queries

  Read and change AMOS map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with explicit bounds.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · beginnerAMOS BASIC

• Checked Map Queries

  Read and change typed Blitz map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with explicit bounds.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · beginnerBlitz BASIC

• Clip Masked Sprites in BBC MODE4

  Draw the visible part of a byte-aligned sprite in the normal MODE4 screen, preserving source stride and the BBC’s interleaved character-row layout.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Clip Masked Sprites on the Spectrum

  A byte-aligned 16×16 sprite can cross any screen edge safely. Reusable signed clipping and masked drawing, with source cropping and a complete 48K tape example.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Clip Objects at the Screen Edge

  Let an object enter or leave the picture without wrapping into another row. Keep signed positions, select the visible source pixels and preserve the original image stride.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Clip Word-Aligned Amiga Bobs

  Crop a 32×16 blitter object against a 320×256 viewport, with separate source and screen strides and no blit for fully invisible objects.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Cookie-Cut Blit

  Draw a shaped, transparent object over the background using all four blitter channels — a mask decides pixel by pixel whether to keep the image or the scenery behind it. The heart of every Amiga bob.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · advancedAssembly

• Copper Colour Bars

  Change the background colour at chosen scanlines from the copper list — no CPU, no interrupt, no jitter — to paint horizontal bars or a smooth vertical gradient the beam draws for you.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Copper List Basics

  Build a copper list to set colours and sprite pointers. The foundation of all Amiga graphics programming.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · beginnerAssembly

• Copper Split Screen

  Have the copper reprogram the bitplane pointers part-way down the frame so the top and bottom of the screen show different bitmaps — a scrolling playfield above a rock-steady status panel, beam-locked and free.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · advancedAssembly

• Draw a Bitmap Region on Acorn Atom

  Redraw a room, changed patch or single tile with reusable 6502 code for Acorn Atom's 256×192 monochrome bitmap.

  Acorn AtomRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Bitmap Region on Amstrad CPC

  Redraw a room, changed patch or single tile with reusable z80 code for Amstrad CPC's MODE 1 bitmap.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Bitmap Region on BBC Micro

  Redraw a room, changed patch or single tile with reusable 6502 code for BBC Micro's MODE 4 bitmap.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Bitmap Region on Dragon 32

  Redraw a room, changed patch or single tile with reusable 6809 code for Dragon 32's PMODE 4 bitmap.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Acorn Electron

  Reusable Acorn Electron code for a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with its display layout and ownership explicit.

  Acorn ElectronRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Amiga

  Reusable Amiga code for drawing a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with explicit display ownership.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Atari 800XL

  Reusable Atari 800XL code for drawing a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with explicit display ownership.

  Atari 8-bitRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Commodore PET

  Reusable Commodore PET code for a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with its display layout and ownership explicit.

  Commodore PETRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Game Boy

  Reusable Game Boy code for drawing a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with explicit display ownership.

  Nintendo Game BoyRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Mattel Aquarius

  Reusable Mattel Aquarius code for a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with its display layout and ownership explicit.

  Mattel AquariusRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on Oric Atmos

  Reusable Oric Atmos code for drawing a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with explicit display ownership.

  Oric AtmosRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Native Region on VIC-20

  Reusable VIC-20 code for a room, changed tile or strip of scenery, with its display layout and ownership explicit.

  Commodore VIC-20Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on ColecoVision

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into ColecoVision's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  ColecoVisionRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on Einstein TC01

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into Einstein TC01's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Tatung EinsteinRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on Game Gear

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into Game Gear's Mode 4 name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Sega Game GearRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on Master System

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into Master System's Mode 4 name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Sega Master SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on MSX1

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into MSX1's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  MSXRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on MTX

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into MTX's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Memotech MTXRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on SG-1000

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into SG-1000's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Sega SG-1000Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on Sord M5

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into Sord M5's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Sord M5Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw a Tile Region on SVI-328

  Copy a checked rectangle of map cells into SVI-328's Graphics I name table, with reusable Z80 code, explicit video ownership and verified native output.

  Spectravideo SVI-328Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Bitmap Text at Pixel Positions on Amiga

  Reusable 68000 glyph and counted-string routines over a single Chip RAM plane, with 32-bit source pointers, clipping and explicit advance.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Bitmap Text on BBC Micro MODE 4

  Reusable fixed-width characters and counted strings at any pixel position, with explicit clipping, font ownership and drawing costs.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Bitmap Text on CPC 464 MODE 1

  Reusable fixed-width characters and counted strings at any pixel position, with explicit clipping, font ownership and drawing costs.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Bitmap Text on Dragon 32 PMODE 4

  Reusable fixed-width characters and counted strings at any pixel position, with explicit clipping, font ownership and drawing costs.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Bitmap Text on Spectrum 48K

  Reusable fixed-width characters and counted strings at any pixel position, with explicit clipping, font ownership and drawing costs.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Lines, Circles and Ellipses

  Choose a reusable integer rasteriser or an existing hardware line path. Keep clipping, endpoint ownership, fills and display costs explicit.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Draw Lines, Circles and Ellipses on BBC Micro MODE 4

  Reusable clipped integer geometry, span-filled curves and explicit endpoint ownership for BBC Micro MODE 4.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Lines, Circles and Ellipses on CPC 464 MODE 1

  Reusable clipped integer geometry, span-filled curves and explicit endpoint ownership for CPC 464 MODE 1.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Lines, Circles and Ellipses on Dragon 32 PMODE 4

  Reusable clipped integer geometry, span-filled curves and explicit endpoint ownership for Dragon 32 PMODE 4.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Lines, Circles and Ellipses on Spectrum 48K

  Reusable clipped integer geometry, span-filled curves and explicit endpoint ownership for Spectrum 48K.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Objects in Stable Depth Order in BBC Micro BASIC

  Sort object indices by depth without moving the objects, keeping equal-depth objects in their original order.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Draw Objects in Stable Depth Order in C64 BASIC

  Sort object indices by depth without moving the objects, keeping equal-depth objects in their original order.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Draw Objects in Stable Depth Order in Spectrum BASIC

  Sort object indices by depth without moving the objects, keeping equal-depth objects in their original order.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Draw Pixels and Boxes in Acorn Electron BASIC

  Reusable set/clear pixels, filled boxes and outlines, with machine-specific coordinate conversion.

  Acorn ElectronRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Draw Pixels and Boxes in Amstrad CPC BASIC

  Reusable set/clear pixels, filled boxes and outlines, with machine-specific coordinate conversion.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Draw Pixels and Boxes in BBC Micro BASIC

  Reusable set/clear pixels, filled boxes and outlines, with machine-specific coordinate conversion.

  BBC MicroRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Draw Pixels and Boxes in ZX Spectrum BASIC

  Reusable set/clear pixels, filled boxes and outlines, with machine-specific coordinate conversion.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes

  Start with one bit and build reusable spans and rectangles. Compare eleven qualified bitmap backends without hiding their costs.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes in CPC MODE 1

  Reusable four-pen plotting, readback, spans and rectangles, with CPC packing, partial-byte masks and explicit video ownership.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Amiga

  Reusable 68000 CPU drawing for an A500 PAL single plane, with byte-edge masks and explicit Chip RAM ownership.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Atari 5200

  Reusable 6502 bitmap primitives with explicit ANTIC display-list and 4 KiB screen addressing.

  Atari 5200Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Atari 800XL

  Reusable 6502 bitmap primitives with explicit ANTIC display-list and 4 KiB screen addressing.

  Atari 8-bitRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Atom

  Reusable 6502 drawing for the full-RAM Atom’s 256×192 bitmap, with strict bounds and clear byte ownership.

  Acorn AtomRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on BBC Micro

  Callable set, clear, XOR, read, span and rectangle routines for BBC Micro, with explicit bounds and byte ownership.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on C64

  Reusable 6502 drawing for the standard HIRES bitmap, with strict bounds, protected colour cells and byte masks.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Dragon 32

  Callable set, clear, XOR, read, span and rectangle routines for Dragon 32, with explicit bounds and byte ownership.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Electron

  Reusable 6502 drawing for Electron MODE 4, with strict bounds, interleaved rows and explicit display ownership.

  Acorn ElectronRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Oric Atmos HIRES

  Reusable 6502 bitmap primitives with explicit serial-attribute and inverse-bit protection.

  Oric AtmosRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Pixels, Spans and Boxes on Spectrum 48K

  Callable set, clear, XOR, read, span and rectangle routines for Spectrum 48K, with explicit bounds and byte ownership.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Draw Text Beyond the Character Grid

  Reusable 8×8 bitmap characters and counted strings on Spectrum, BBC Micro, Dragon, CPC and Amiga, with clipping and honest storage/work trade-offs.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Draw the Part of the Map You Need

  Turn logical map cells into a native picture. Start with checked rectangles across twenty-one machines, while keeping patterns, colours and video ownership explicit.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Feeding New Columns

  As the NES scrolls sideways, write a fresh column of tiles into the offscreen nametable each time the view crosses a tile boundary — so a level far wider than two screens rolls past seamlessly.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · advancedAssembly

• Give MARIA a bounded object list

  Build reusable direct 160A headers while keeping zones, graphics placement and DMA ownership explicit.

  Atari 7800Rendering · advancedAssembly

• Hardware Sprites

  Show a complete 24×21 sprite, set its ninth X bit, and preserve the other sprites’ shared registers. Verified on PAL and NTSC emulators.

  Commodore 64Rendering · beginnerAssembly

• Install and Replace Characters on Game Boy

  Reusable glyph uploads and cell selection on Game Boy; keep pictures, character numbers and placement separate.

  Nintendo Game BoyRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Install and Replace Characters on MSX1

  Reusable glyph uploads and cell selection on MSX1; keep pictures, character numbers and placement separate.

  MSXRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Install and Replace Characters on VIC-20

  Reusable glyph uploads and cell selection on VIC-20; keep pictures, character numbers and placement separate.

  Commodore VIC-20Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Install Pictures Once, Use Them Many Times

  Reusable glyph upload, replacement and cell selection on sixteen qualified targets, including native C64, NES CHR-RAM and Sega Mode 4. Separate the picture from its code, placement and colours.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Keep Camera Shake Alive Across Updates in BBC Micro BASIC

  Produce bounded signed camera offsets for a retained lifetime, without modifying the world position.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Keep Camera Shake Alive Across Updates in C64 BASIC

  Produce bounded signed camera offsets for a retained lifetime, without modifying the world position.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Keep Camera Shake Alive Across Updates in Spectrum BASIC

  Produce bounded signed camera offsets for a retained lifetime, without modifying the world position.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Keep Camera Shake out of World State on Amiga

  An impact can shake the view without moving the player, the level or the collision geometry.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Keep Camera Shake out of World State on C64

  An impact can shake the view without moving the player, the level or the collision geometry.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Keep Camera Shake out of World State on NES

  An impact can shake the view without moving the player, the level or the collision geometry.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Keep Camera Shake out of World State on Spectrum

  An impact can shake the view without moving the player, the level or the collision geometry.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Keep Track of Cells That Need Redrawing in BBC Micro BASIC

  Mark, inspect and consume pending cell updates without losing repeated marks or crossing the two-byte boundary.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Keep Track of Cells That Need Redrawing in C64 BASIC

  Mark, inspect and consume pending cell updates without losing repeated marks or crossing the two-byte boundary.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Keep Track of Cells That Need Redrawing in Spectrum BASIC

  Mark, inspect and consume pending cell updates without losing repeated marks or crossing the two-byte boundary.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Look Up Tile Properties on Amiga

  The picture number in a map does not automatically tell you whether a tile is solid, harmful or climbable.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Look Up Tile Properties on C64

  The picture number in a map does not automatically tell you whether a tile is solid, harmful or climbable.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Look Up Tile Properties on NES

  The picture number in a map does not automatically tell you whether a tile is solid, harmful or climbable.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Look Up Tile Properties on Spectrum

  The picture number in a map does not automatically tell you whether a tile is solid, harmful or climbable.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Masked Sprites

  The Spectrum has no hardware sprites, so a moving object is drawn by hand — AND a mask to punch a hole in the background, OR the image into it — with pre-shifted copies for pixel-accurate, fast movement.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · advancedAssembly

• Masked Sprites with Background Restoration

  Draw an 8×8 software object over BBC Micro MODE4 scenery, restore what it covered, then move it. A small reusable primitive with a complete caller.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Measure, Align and Wrap Text on BBC Micro MODE 4

  Measure and align labels, choose character or word wrapping, and give narrow letters less room with proportional text.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Measure, Align and Wrap Text on CPC 464 MODE 1

  Measure and align labels, choose character or word wrapping, and give narrow letters less room with proportional text.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Measure, Align and Wrap Text on Dragon 32 PMODE 4

  Measure and align labels, choose character or word wrapping, and give narrow letters less room with proportional text.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Measure, Align and Wrap Text on Spectrum 48K

  Measure and align labels, choose character or word wrapping, and give narrow letters less room with proportional text.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Mirror an Eight-bit Bitmap Row on Amiga

  A stored row of pixels can face the other way without keeping a second copy of the artwork.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Mirror an Eight-bit Bitmap Row on C64

  A stored row of pixels can face the other way without keeping a second copy of the artwork.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Mirror an Eight-bit Bitmap Row on NES

  A stored row of pixels can face the other way without keeping a second copy of the artwork.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Mirror an Eight-bit Bitmap Row on Spectrum

  A stored row of pixels can face the other way without keeping a second copy of the artwork.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Nametables and Scrolling

  Move through a two-screen NES background with reusable scroll routines and a complete cartridge. Publish a finished display update before NMI uses it.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Numeric Display

  Convert a number (0-99) to two ASCII digits and print them. Essential for scores and counters.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerAssembly

• Palette Loading

  Load colour palettes into PPU memory at $3F00. Required setup for any NES graphics.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · beginnerAssembly

• Place Amiga Bobs with Prepared Pixel Phases

  Trade chip RAM for sixteen prepared mask/image phases, reusing the checked word-aligned clipped blitter renderer at individual pixel positions.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place BBC MODE4 Sprites at Pixel Positions

  Use eight prepared mask phases with signed pixel coordinates, normal forty-column MODE4 mapping and a bounded three-byte drawing routine.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place characters in a ZX80 display file

  Draw counted labels and character pictures with the machine's ROM, with explicit bounds and display ownership.

  Sinclair ZX80Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place characters in a ZX81 display file

  Draw counted labels and character pictures with the machine's ROM, with explicit bounds and display ownership.

  Sinclair ZX81Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place ROM characters on Aquarius

  Draw counted labels and character pictures with the machine's ROM, with explicit bounds and display ownership.

  Mattel AquariusRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place ROM characters on the PET

  Draw counted labels and character pictures with the machine's ROM, with explicit bounds and display ownership.

  Commodore PETRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place Spectrum Sprites at Pixel Positions

  Select one of eight prepared masks, keep signed pixel positions correct at the left edge, and draw the visible three-byte footprint.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Place Sprites Between Byte Boundaries

  Prepare shifted mask/image phases once, then choose the right one for a pixel position. Working Spectrum, BBC and Amiga code makes the memory and integration costs explicit.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Prepare a playfield, then race the beam

  Reuse coarse cells and glyph stamps without losing sight of the TIA's scanline schedule.

  Atari 2600Rendering · advancedAssembly

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Acorn Atom BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Acorn AtomRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Acorn Electron BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Acorn ElectronRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Amstrad CPC BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Atari 800XL BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Atari 8-bitRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in BBC Micro BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  BBC MicroRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Commodore 64 BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Commodore 64Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Commodore PET BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Commodore PETRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Dragon 32 BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Mattel Aquarius BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Mattel AquariusRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Memotech MTX BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Memotech MTXRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in MSX BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  MSXRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Oric Atmos BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Oric AtmosRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in Spectravideo SVI-328 BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Spectravideo SVI-328Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in VIC-20 BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Commodore VIC-20Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Print a Bounded Text Region in ZX Spectrum BASIC

  Print a map slice with a complete bounds and tile-ID preflight before any output.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Progress Bar (BASIC)

  Horizontal progress bar coloured like a gauge — red when low, yellow in the middle, green when high. Useful for fuel, health or time left.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Project a World Point into the View in BBC Micro BASIC

  Convert byte-pair world coordinates to visible screen positions without dropping high bytes or wrapping negative differences.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Project a World Point into the View in C64 BASIC

  Convert byte-pair world coordinates to visible screen positions without dropping high bytes or wrapping negative differences.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Project a World Point into the View in Spectrum BASIC

  Convert byte-pair world coordinates to visible screen positions without dropping high bytes or wrapping negative differences.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Project World Points into a Viewport on Amiga

  A world can be larger than the screen even when the drawing routine expects byte-sized screen coordinates.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Project World Points into a Viewport on C64

  A world can be larger than the screen even when the drawing routine expects byte-sized screen coordinates.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Project World Points into a Viewport on NES

  A world can be larger than the screen even when the drawing routine expects byte-sized screen coordinates.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Project World Points into a Viewport on Spectrum

  A world can be larger than the screen even when the drawing routine expects byte-sized screen coordinates.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Put Text Inside a Panel

  Measure counted labels and choose character or word wrapping with four reusable machine-specific implementations.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Query a Byte Map in Jupiter Ace FORTH

  Read and change a room, classify tiles and convert world positions with reusable FORTH words that fit the unexpanded Ace.

  Jupiter AceRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Query a Byte Map on Acorn Atom

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Acorn AtomRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Acorn Electron

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Acorn ElectronRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Amiga

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 68000 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Amstrad CPC

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Atari 2600

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Atari 2600Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Atari 5200

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Atari 5200Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Atari 7800

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Atari 7800Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Atari 800XL

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Atari 8-bitRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on BBC Micro

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on ColecoVision

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  ColecoVisionRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Commodore 64

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Commodore PET

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Commodore PETRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Commodore VIC-20

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Commodore VIC-20Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Dragon 32

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6809 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Game Boy

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable SM83 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Nintendo Game BoyRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Game Gear

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sega Game GearRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Jupiter Ace

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Jupiter AceRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Master System

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sega Master SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Mattel Aquarius

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Mattel AquariusRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Memotech MTX

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Memotech MTXRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on MSX1

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  MSXRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on NES

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Oric Atmos

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable 6502 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Oric AtmosRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on SG-1000

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sega SG-1000Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Sord M5

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sord M5Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on SVI-328

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Spectravideo SVI-328Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on Tatung Einstein

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Tatung EinsteinRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on ZX Spectrum

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on ZX80

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sinclair ZX80Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Byte Map on ZX81

  Read and change map cells, look up tile properties and convert world positions with reusable Z80 code and an explicit memory contract.

  Sinclair ZX81Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Query a Room in ZX80 BASIC

  Read and change tiles, look up their properties and convert world positions with reusable routines for expanded and stock 1 KiB ZX80 configurations.

  Sinclair ZX80Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Query a Room in ZX81 BASIC

  Read and change tiles, look up their properties and convert world positions with reusable routines for expanded and stock 1 KiB ZX81 configurations.

  Sinclair ZX81Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map in Acorn Electron BASIC

  Keep room data separate from its picture, with checked reads, edits, properties and world-to-cell conversion.

  Acorn ElectronRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map in BBC Micro BASIC

  Keep room data separate from its picture, with checked reads, edits, properties and world-to-cell conversion.

  BBC MicroRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map in Commodore 64 BASIC

  Keep room data separate from its picture, with checked reads, edits, properties and world-to-cell conversion.

  Commodore 64Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map in Memotech MTX BASIC

  Keep room data separate from its picture, with checked reads, edits, properties and world-to-cell conversion.

  Memotech MTXRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map in ZX Spectrum BASIC

  Keep room data separate from its picture, with checked reads, edits, properties and world-to-cell conversion.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Acorn Atom

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable integer BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Acorn AtomRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Amstrad CPC

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Locomotive BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Amstrad CPCRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Atari 800XL

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Atari BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Atari 8-bitRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Commodore PET

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Commodore BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Commodore PETRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Commodore VIC-20

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Commodore BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Commodore VIC-20Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Dragon 32

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Dragon BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Dragon 32/64Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Mattel Aquarius

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Aquarius BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Mattel AquariusRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on MSX1

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable MSX BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  MSXRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Oric Atmos

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable Oric BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Oric AtmosRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Query and Change a Tile Map on Spectravideo SVI-328

  Keep level data separate from the screen. Reusable SVI BASIC routines read and change tiles, look up properties and draw a small text region.

  Spectravideo SVI-328Rendering · beginnerBASIC

• Raster Splits

  Fire an interrupt when the beam reaches a chosen scanline and change a VIC-II register mid-screen — the basis of colour bars, split panels, and beating the chip's limits.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Read and Edit Packed Four-bit Cells in BBC Micro BASIC

  Store two logical cells per numeric byte value and update either half without damaging its neighbour.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Read and Edit Packed Four-bit Cells in C64 BASIC

  Store two logical cells per numeric byte value and update either half without damaging its neighbour.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Read and Edit Packed Four-bit Cells in Spectrum BASIC

  Store two logical cells per numeric byte value and update either half without damaging its neighbour.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Read and Update Packed Four-bit Cells on Amiga

  Sixteen tile values do not need sixteen whole bytes when each value fits in four bits.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Read and Update Packed Four-bit Cells on C64

  Sixteen tile values do not need sixteen whole bytes when each value fits in four bits.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Read and Update Packed Four-bit Cells on NES

  Sixteen tile values do not need sixteen whole bytes when each value fits in four bits.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Read and Update Packed Four-bit Cells on Spectrum

  Sixteen tile values do not need sixteen whole bytes when each value fits in four bits.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Remember Which Cells Need Redrawing on Amiga

  Changing one cell should not force a whole board to be redrawn.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Remember Which Cells Need Redrawing on C64

  Changing one cell should not force a whole board to be redrawn.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Remember Which Cells Need Redrawing on NES

  Changing one cell should not force a whole board to be redrawn.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Remember Which Cells Need Redrawing on Spectrum

  Changing one cell should not force a whole board to be redrawn.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Reveal Counted Text Over Time on Amiga

  A line of dialogue can appear a character at a time, with a button to show the rest immediately.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Reveal Counted Text Over Time on C64

  A line of dialogue can appear a character at a time, with a button to show the rest immediately.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Reveal Counted Text Over Time on NES

  A line of dialogue can appear a character at a time, with a button to show the rest immediately.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Reveal Counted Text Over Time on Spectrum

  A line of dialogue can appear a character at a time, with a button to show the rest immediately.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Save and Restore Software Sprite Backgrounds

  Keep a separate packed background for each Spectrum object, then restore overlaps in reverse order. Reusable rectangle helpers and a complete masked-sprite tape caller.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Save, Draw and Restore Amiga Bobs

  Move word-aligned blitter objects over a persistent background. Reusable chip-RAM save, masked drawing and restore routines with a complete two-object ADF caller.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Save, Draw and Restore Moving Objects

  Move software objects over scenery without trails. Give each object its own saved background, handle overlaps in the right order, and choose when saved pixels stop being useful.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Scrolling a World

  Move the camera, expose new scenery and keep objects attached to the world. Choose software shifts, hardware offsets and streaming for the machine you are using.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Separate Background Buffers for Overlapping Objects

  Extend BBC MODE4 masked drawing beyond one save slot. Each object gets its own background buffer and old cell address, with a running two-object caller.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Seven-Segment Digits (BASIC)

  Draw large seven-segment display digits using PLOT/DRAW. Cell-aligned with 1px outline. 10 DATA strings define all digits 0-9.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · beginnerBASIC

• Smooth Scrolling

  Combine VIC-II fine offsets with a complete character and colour shift. Prepare the next column and budget the costly coarse step.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Software Scrolling a Bitmap Band

  Move a Spectrum playfield one pixel at a time, supplying the newly exposed edge yourself. Reusable Z80 code and a running tiled-band caller.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Sort a Small Draw Order Stably on Amiga

  When two sprites have the same depth, their order should not flicker from frame to frame.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Sort a Small Draw Order Stably on C64

  When two sprites have the same depth, their order should not flicker from frame to frame.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Sort a Small Draw Order Stably on NES

  When two sprites have the same depth, their order should not flicker from frame to frame.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Sort a Small Draw Order Stably on Spectrum

  When two sprites have the same depth, their order should not flicker from frame to frame.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Sprite 0 Split

  Use sprite 0 overlap to mark a horizontal scroll split, with a missed-hit deadline and explicit PPU state ownership.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · advancedAssembly

• Sprite Animation

  Cycle through animation frames with configurable timing. Walk cycles, explosions, idle animations.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · beginnerShared technique

• Sprite Control Words

  Calculate and update Amiga sprite control words from X/Y coordinates. Position sprites anywhere on screen.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · beginnerAssembly

• Sprite Multiplexing

  Draw sixteen sprites in two fixed bands, with a complete raster IRQ example verified on PAL and NTSC emulators.

  Commodore 64Rendering · advancedAssembly

• Sprites and Moving Objects

  Draw animated objects with hardware sprites, software masking, blitter objects and combinations of them. Go beyond fixed hardware counts while making the compromises visible.

  Cross-PlatformRendering · intermediateShared technique

• Step Each Packed Colour Channel in BBC Micro BASIC

  Unpack logical RGB332, move each channel by one towards its target and repack without cross-channel carry.

  BBC MicroRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Step Each Packed Colour Channel in C64 BASIC

  Unpack logical RGB332, move each channel by one towards its target and repack without cross-channel carry.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateBASIC

• Step Each Packed Colour Channel in Spectrum BASIC

  Unpack logical RGB332, move each channel by one towards its target and repack without cross-channel carry.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateBASIC

• Step Towards a Packed Colour on Amiga

  A fade can approach its target one channel step at a time instead of treating a packed colour as a single number.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Step Towards a Packed Colour on C64

  A fade can approach its target one channel step at a time instead of treating a packed colour as a single number.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Step Towards a Packed Colour on NES

  A fade can approach its target one channel step at a time instead of treating a packed colour as a single number.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Step Towards a Packed Colour on Spectrum

  A fade can approach its target one channel step at a time instead of treating a packed colour as a single number.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Transpose an Eight-by-eight Bitmap on Amiga

  Turning rows into columns is the building block behind rotating small glyphs and adapting bitmap layouts.

  Commodore AmigaRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Transpose an Eight-by-eight Bitmap on C64

  Turning rows into columns is the building block behind rotating small glyphs and adapting bitmap layouts.

  Commodore 64Rendering · intermediateAssembly

• Transpose an Eight-by-eight Bitmap on NES

  Turning rows into columns is the building block behind rotating small glyphs and adapting bitmap layouts.

  Nintendo Entertainment SystemRendering · intermediateAssembly

• Transpose an Eight-by-eight Bitmap on Spectrum

  Turning rows into columns is the building block behind rotating small glyphs and adapting bitmap layouts.

  Sinclair ZX SpectrumRendering · intermediateAssembly